Types of Network- P2P and DNS Addressing System

Types of Network-

P2P and DNS Addressing System

Client Server

A network architecture in which each computer or processor on the network is either a client or a server . Each client a server connected to a network can also referred to as a note. Describe of architecture in some time referred two tier. It allows devices to share file and resources. Client server application consist of a server portion when the most processing and storage is perform and a client when the most processing and storage is perform and a client portion that provides a user interface. Each client sense data as request to server. In turn sever access, process and return them to client.

Characteristics of Client

• Activate master computer.
• Initiates request.
• Wait for and receive replys.
• Connects to one or more number of server at one time.
• Typically interacts directly with end user using a GUI.

 Characteristics of Server

• Waits for request from clients.
• Upon receipt of request, it process them and then offers replies.
• It usually accepts connections from a larger no of clients.
• It does not interact directly with end-users.

 Peer to Peer Computer Network

Peer to Peer network is a type of network in which each computer or work station managed independently and one network have equal rights for communication with each other, sharing resources and validating users.

This network is used for connecting nodes in ordered to share content files containing audio, video or anything in digital form.

Types of P2P Network

Basically P2P networks are classified into three categories-

1. Collaborative computing
2. Instant messaging
3. Affinity Communities

 Collaborative Computing

It refers to distributed computing. It combines the idle or unused CPU processing power or free disk space of many computers in the network. It is popular in science and biotech organisation where computer processing is required.

Instant messaging

One very common form of P2P networking is instant messaging where applications, such as MSN (Microsoft Network) etc. allows user to chat via text message in real time.

 Affinity Communities

It is a group of P2P network that is based around file sharing and widely known due to legal issues surrounding the direct file sharing group like napster.

Comparison of Client Server Architecture with

 P2P architecture

Aclient server architecture enables roles and responsibility of the computing system to be distributed among several independent computers that are known to each other . Only through a network this creates additional advantage to this architecture.

Ease of maintenance , possible to replace, repair, upgrade, or even relocate a server while its client remain both unaware an unaffected by a change.

All the data stored on the servers which generally have for greater security controls than most client.

Servers can better control access and resources , to guarantee that only those client with the appropriate permissions may access and change data.

Since data storage centralized updates to those data are for easierto administrate that would be possible under P2P system.

IP Addressing

IP, stands for Internet Protocol,is a number or value that is used to uniquely identify a computer on the Internet. It is a 32-bit value and it is divided into four different  section. All these sections are separated by a period.

Each sections is of 8-bits and values can be presented from 0 to 255 each section is known as octet. Every time when computer connects to Internet, ISP assigns IP address dynamically.

DNS Addressing

The purpose of DNS is to translate domain names into IP address and this service is known as DNS. If DNS, server does not know how to translate a particular domain name, it asks another DNS server and this process continues until the correct IP address returned.

DNS scheme uses alphabets and it is easier to remember, but  actually each domain name also have a address and DNS scheme is used to convert these domain into it's corresponding address.

DNS is divided into following three categories-

1. Generic Domain
2. Country Domain
3. Inverse Domain

 Generic Domain

The generic domain defined register host according their generic behaviour each know node in the tree defines a domain which is an index to the domain name database . The first level is the generic domain allows 7 possible 3 character level.

Level                                      Description

.com                                       Commecial Oranization

.edu                                        Educational Institution

.gov                                        Government Institution

.int                                          Intenational Organization

.mil                                         Military Groups

.net                                         Network Support Centers

.org                                        Non Profit Organization

 Country Domains

The country domain section follows the same format as he generic domain but uses two character country abbreviations e.g. .us for United States, .in  for India in place of three charcter organizaional abbreviations at the first level. Second level labels can be organizational , or they can be more specific, national destinations. The united States for example, uses state abbreviations as a subdivision of "us" (e.g. , .ca,.us)

 Inverse Domain

The Inverse Domain is used to map an address to a name. This may happen, for example, when a server receive a request from a client to do a task. Whereas the server has a file that contains a list of authorized clients, the server list only the IP address of the client (extracted from the received IP packet) to.