Networking Components-NIC (Network Interface Card),Modem,Gateway

NIC (Network Interface Card)

Network adapter is a device that enables a computer to talk with other computer network. Using unique hardware address  (MAC address) encoded on the card chip, the data link protocol employees these addresses to discover other system on the network. So that it can transfer data to the right destination.

There are two types of Network cards-

1. Wire
2. Wireless

Hub

Hub is a device that split a network connection into multiple computers. It is like as distribution center when a computer request information from a network or specific computer, it sends the request to the hub through a cable. The hub will receive a request and transmit to the entire network.

Switch

Switch is the tele-communication device group as one of the computer network component. Switch is like a hub but built in with advanced features. It uses Physical device address in each incoming message. So that it can delivered a message to the right destination on port.

Router

Router a devices that are help in determining the best path out of the available path for a particular transmission. They consist of a combination of hardware and software. The hardware includes the physical interfaces to the various  networks in the inter network. The two main pieces of software in a router are the operating  system and routing protocol. Router are used logical and physical addressing to connect two or more logically separate networks. 

"A router between two Lan's receive a message from both networks, check there destination and transmit the message to the require Lan."

Modem

A modem stands for Modulator-Demodulator. It is peripheral that allows connect and communicate with other computers via telephone lines when digital data are to be send or telephone lines, the digital signal must be converted into analog form.

This Technic known as Modulation. The reverse process that is conversion of analog signal to its digital signals ata  destination device is called Demodulation.

Modem of two type-

1. Internal Modem
2. External Modem

Internal Modem

An internal modem fixed into a expansion slot provided in the computer. The four cords plucked into a jack, accessible through the back of the computer.

External Modem

An external modem is placed outside of a computer. The modem rest near the computer that hooks the computer to outside world. Modem also enable us fax from one computer to another computer fax machine.

Breeze

Breeze is a computer networking device that create a single aggregate network from multiple communication network or network segment. This function is called B Network Bridging. It is also known as external bus.

Bus

Bus is also known as the address, data and logical bus. It is a data connection between two or more devices connected to the computer. For example- Bus enable computer processor to communicate with the memory or a video card to communicate with the memory.

Gateway

A Gateway is a hardware device that as a Gate between two networks. It may be router, firewall, server or other device that enables traffic to flow in and out of the network.

While gateway protects the nodes with in network  it is also a node itself. The gateway nodes it considered to be on the edge of the network. As well as all data must flow through it before coming in and going of the network.

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