Internet Connectivity- ISDN, SLIP,PPP, Packet Switching and UDP
ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)
ISDN is the original high speed Internet service. It spark high speed Internet development between service provider during the 1990s.
ISDN Internet service improvement upon dial-up and also paved the way for DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and cable modem Internet service there after.
ISDN Internet service is basically a telephone line system that operate by a circuit switch and dedicated line. It can transmit data and phone conversation digitally over a normal telephone wires thismake it both faster and of higher quality than dial-up internet service.
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)
A Full inernet connection over telephone lines that sends internet packet via 9600 bit per second modems of better.
PPP (Point To Point Protocol)
Line SLIP it is full internet connection over telephone lines via modem. It is more reliable than SLIP because it double checks to make sure that internet packet arrive instant and also checks any packet damaged.
Level/Connectivity
Level /Connectivity is access through a gateway service.
Packet Switching
When data is send from one computer to another computer, it is broken into pieces called packets, using TCP protocols . Using IP, a long message upto 1500 bytes is put into packets. Each packet has address of sender and destination called IP addresses.
These packets are send from one network to another till they all reach to their destination. At the destination , TCP reassembles the packet into a complete message.
Long message are broken into smaller units called packets. Each packet contains a header which includes destination and sources, identifiers and addresses and packet number . Packet from several sources are routed to their destination where they are reassembled into their original message.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
UDP is a connection less protocol that work at the transport layer. UDP transports datagram but does not acknowledge receipt. UDP also uses a port address to achieve datagram delivery but this port address is simply a pointer to a process not a connection identifier as it is with TCP. The lack of overhead makes UDP faster than TCP.
UDP provides no flow control or acknowledgement of reciept of packets. If UDP detects some errors while transmitting a datagram, it simply drops the datagram and doesn't inform the sender about the same.
It gives a connection less service. There is no relationship between various datagrams when they are coming from same source program and going to same destination.
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ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
ICMP is a message control and error reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway through internet ICMP uses IP datagrams but the messages are processed by the IP software and are not directly appearing to the application user are Ltd. and depend on gateway support .
Level 2 Connectivity
- Level 2 connectivity is access via modem to host connected to network.
- Service are Limited to what the connected host (h2) provides.
- Everything is a complex through h2.
- For transfer of file from internet to H1 require to download.
- Internet to h2
- H2 to H1
- Level 2 connectivity is the most common of internet access.
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SLIP Protocol
This is a standard protocol developed for unix environment and support TCP/IP networking over a serial transmission line which is connected by a modem. It is an older protocol that does not support negotiation of network configuration . It has been replaced by PPP because of the following reason-
- SLIP supports only TCP/IP
- SLIP requires the user to write script for automatic logon process.
- It require host TCP/IP paramaters, configured manually windows 2000 cannot accept connection from SLIP client.
PPP (Point to Point Protocol)
PPP provides router –to-router and host to network connection over synchronous and ashynchronous circuit. It was design to work with several network layer protocols such as IP, IPv6,IPx (Internet network packet exchange and appleIap). PPP frames can be transmitted over a serial transmission line such as old telephone services and ISDN. It include LCP (Link Control Protocol ) and NCP (Network Control Protocol ) for establishing WAN connection and performing modification in a network communication using each network protocol . It is superwiser of SLIP because of the following reasons-
- It supports IPx
- It negotiates TCP/IP parameter.
- It support PAP ( Password authentication Protocol) and challenge HAP ( Handsake authentication Protocol) for sending your qualification to PPP server.
- It support Windows 98, NT, 2000, XP.
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